Initially called the fortepiano, then the pianoforte, and now the piano was capable of dynamics from soft to loud the player needed only to adjust the weight applied when depressing a key. The Classical period saw new performing forces such as the piano and the string quartet and an expansion of the orchestra. In the case of a symphony or operatic ensemble, the texture might be described as homophony with multiple accompanying lines or polyphony with a predominant melodic line.
The homophony of the Classical period featured predominant melody lines accompanied by relatively interesting and independent lines. Composers included more expressive marks in their music, such as the crescendo and decrescendo. In the music of Haydn, Mozart, and the early Beethoven, we find tuneful melodies using question/answer or antecedent/consequent phrasing flexible deployment of rhythm and rests and slower harmonic rhythm (harmonic rhythm is the rate at which the chords or harmonies change). The Classical style of music embodies balance, structure, and flexibility of expression, arguably related to the noble simplicity and calm grandeur that the eighteenth century art historian Johann Joachim Winckelmann saw in ancient Greek art. Greater use of contrasting dynamics, articulations, and tempos.New emphasis on musical form: for example, sonata form, theme and variations, minuet and trio, rondo, and first-movement concerto form.Question and answer (aka antecedent consequent) phrases that are shorter than earlier phrases.New genres such as the symphony and string quartet.Continued increase of music among merchant classes.Continued presence of music at church and court.New genres such as opera, oratorio, concerto, cantata, and fugue.Rise of instrumental music, including the violin family.Rise of homophony polyphony still used.
\)ĥ.4.1 Music Comparison Overview Baroque Music
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